Roof purlins are members used to directly support roof sheeting materials, and could be made of timber or steel. In timber construction, purlins are...
An indeterminate truss is supported and loaded as shown above, using the direct stiffness method, obtain the displacements, support reactions, and internal forces that...
When foundations are constructed, they increase the net pressure in the soil. The knowledge of this stress increment is very important for estimating the...
Beams that are curved in plan are often found in buildings, circular reservoirs, bridges, and other structures with curves. Curved beams always develop torsion...
Bar bending schedule is an important structural working document that shows the disposition, bending shape, total length, and quantity of all the reinforcements that...
Concrete mix design is the process of specifying and proportioning the quantity of concrete ingredients (cement, sand, gravel, and water) required to produce concrete...