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Problems To Encounter If You Don’t Install HVAC Access Doors and Panels
Maintaining an efficient HVAC system is crucial in delivering good indoor air quality in commercial establishments. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) pertains to the air...
Thermal Actions | How to Apply Fire Loading on Steel Structures
The action of fire on a structure is represented by thermal actions, and EN 1991-1-2:2002 (Eurocode 1, Part 2) provides several options for considering...
How to Apply Wind Load on Roofs of Buildings
Wind load is one of the significant actions on roofs. While other loads such as the self-weight of materials, imposed loads, service loads, and...
Transfer Structures: Analysis and Design
Transfer structures can be described as structural elements that redirect gravity loads (usually from columns or walls) to other structures (such as beams or...
Light Gauge Steel Building Construction
Light gauge steel framing is typically based on the use of standard C or Z-shaped steel sections produced by cold rolling from strip steel....
Strengthening of Flat Slabs with Cut-Out Openings
A flat slab is a type of reinforced concrete floor system where the slab is supported directly by columns, instead of beams. This system...
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) for Foundation Design
The standard penetration test (SPT) is made in boreholes by means of the standard 50.8 mm outside and 33.8 mm inside diameter split spoon...
Cement and Types of Cement Used in Construction
Generically, cement is an inorganic fine powder that when mixed with water undergoes hydration reaction, and forms a paste which becomes the binder that...
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