P-delta is a geometric non-linear effect that occurs in structures that are subjected to compressive loads and lateral displacement. Under the action of compressive...
It is important to carry out proper detailing after design of reinforced concrete columns. The requirements for column detailing is outlined in clause 9.5...
Columns are critical structural elements used in transmitting superstructure load to the substructure. As a result, their stability and structural resistance is of major...
Composite sections of concrete and steel have a lot of advantages especially in the structural performance and fire resistance of a building. For columns...
When structural members are subjected to compressive forces, the members may fail before the compressive resistance (A.fy) is reached. This premature failure is usually...
In modern building construction, PVC pipes (plumbing works) on the surface of buildings is not always very desirable. In a country like Nigeria, PVC...